How to Choose the Right Calories for Your Horse, Respiratory Equine Herpesvirus in Pennsylvania Barn, Podotrochlosis: Navicular is No Longer the End of the Road for Horses. The skeletal format will affect such factors as joint range of motion, limb arc and hoof flight patterns, and weight distribution in motion, with subsequent effects on coordination of movement (including limb interference), balance, power (propulsion, impulsion, and collection), agility, and endurance. Conform ation analysis is the system atic com parison of one horse to another, and all horses to an ideal type for the breed or athletic pu rpose. A good first step is to work with a competent farrier to maintain a regular trimming and shoeing schedule that ensures keeping a horses hoof angles as correct as possible for that individual.. This means that an imaginary line drawn down the front of the horse's pastern should continue in that line down the front of the hoof wall. Establishing the exact source of the alignment deviation is imperative; for example, does a laterally pointing hoof, commonly described as toed out, originate from an externally rotated limb or from a particular distal joint? Maintaining Your Horses Weight During the Winter, Special Report: Preventing 3 Common Equine Joint Issues, JACKSON- Gelding/Bay/Mustang (Nevada) - Project/Ready for Training, JENNINGS Gelding/Cremello/Mustang (BLM) Ridable (Green), Behavioral Signs of Equine Cheek Tooth Findings, Feeding Young Horses: Graduating to a Grown-Up Diet, ALLIE: Dark Brown Dun Mustang Mare Non-Riding Companion Only. Transition between the proximal and the middle thirds of the lateral collateral ligament of the elbow (From Ross MW: Conformation and lameness. Most horses have 18 pairs. Conformation: The conformation of a horse refers to how the horse is built. Absorbs excess impact on medial (inner) limb structures. If a horse has bad conformation, then that means the bone structure may be disproportioned. With good conformation, and that important factor of heart and athletic ability, horses are capable of exceptional athletic performance. Large formed hocks are better at absorbing concussion and generally make for a sounder joint. Tied in below the knee This results in uneven distribution of concussion each time the limb impacts the ground, with one area of the bone, joint, or soft tissue structures assuming excessive impact., She cautions against getting hung up on absolutes such as which conformational flaw is better or worse than another. horses have conformation. Racehorse conformation and its' potential to predict animal performance - Volume 2009 Dorsal edge of the coronary band Goniometer (see Figure 15-3) The walk and trot should be checked both under saddle and in hand. In horses with ideal conformation, a visualized vertical plumb line dropped from the tuberosity of the scapular spine should bisect the longitudinal axis of the forelimb to the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ or fetlock) and fall 5 cm behind the heel in the lateral view. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Attempts to correct some foot deviations, such as shoring up low heels on a long-toed horse, can lead to further problems, notes Collatos. The entire hindlimb should be bisected evenly in the caudal view (see Figure 15-4). Horses with limb deviations often dont travel with their legs staying in one planethey tend to wing in or wing out, Duberstein continues. You can measure the quarter length from the point of the horses hip to the point of buttock. Many sport horses are also prone to ringbone (pastern or coffin joint arthritis) and suspensory ligament injuries; therefore, alignment of the bones in the lower limb is also important.. Stay up-to-date on the latest news about your horse's health with FREE newsletters from TheHorse.com. Reasons for performing the study: Assessment of conformation is commonly used in the selection of horses for performance purposes. Conformation can be defined as the formation of something by appropriate arrangement of parts or elements: an assembling into a whole (Websters dictionary, 1976) and equine conformation appraisal is traditionally based on the external appearance of the body shape, form or outline of the animal. Proximal end of the tuber coxae A horse with good conformation has a centerline that splits the leg to the level of the fetlock (the horse's ankle), and then falls to the ground just behind the heel. Briefly, relevant body observations should include head shape and size; height at the withers and croup; body length; neck length; shoulder length (top of the withers to point of the shoulder); pelvic length (tuber coxae to tuber ischii); scapular and humeral inclination; pelvic and femoral inclination; and chest width. What movement defect is this due to bad conformation? If the red hair comes from the bay pattern, the mane, tail, and legs will be black. Weller et al. 4. Distance between the forelimbs is greater at the chest than feet, the limb sloping medially The croup helps transfer energy for thrust and power from the hindquarters. Short-Strided Horses. A line dropped from the cranial aspect of the greater tubercle of the humerus (point of the shoulder) should bisect the forelimb in the cranial view. Collaborate with your veterinarian, as well, using radiographs (X rays) to evaluate hoof angles and foot placement and guide shoeing and trimming recommendations. The top of the neck should ideally be twice as long as the underside of the horse's neck, or a 2-to-1 ratio. Also different from halter horses, are the cutting horses which are strictly bred for the ability to work a cow, whatever conformation may be the result. The mean velocity at the walk and trot, and the pressure plate data of both forelimbs (PVF, VI and ST) and their asymmetry indices are . The head should meet the neck at an angle so the horse can flex at the pole and move in balance. This finding was supported by a study comparing radiographic and visual assessments of hoofpastern conformation in Warmblood foals (Kroekenstoel et al., 2006).Visual assessment was only in agreement with radiologic evidence in 6 of 92 (6.5%) evaluations. A lower jaw that is clearly defined and well separated underneath the jaw, A clean throatlatch without heavy fat and muscling. Conformation will, therefore, partially dictate the relationship between form and function, thus modifying the potential for biomechanical efficiency, superior performance, musculoskeletal durability, and perhaps even longevity (Wallin et al., 2001). Predispose to degenerative joint disease (hock spavin) and curb (plantar ligament strain). At this angle, the horse's elbow is directly below the front of the withers. This can be demonstrated by the red lines in Figure 2. Wider Definition : A more holistic definition considers the implications of form for dynamic function as well. The elbow should be parallel to the horses body. More than 65% of the traits exhibited large (CV > 10%) phenotypic variation within the sampled population. Cranial, caudal, and lateral views are needed to determine limb deviations in the sagittal, coronal (frontal), and transverse planes (see, When examining the conformational traits of individual limbs, a plumb line approach is useful in identifying angular or torsional deviation of segments from the vertical or horizontal at each joint level (Figure 15-4). Yet, most studies have employed generalized or horsemanship terms in describing conformational traits. N. CREVIER-DENOIX. When a horse has a conformational defecttoed in or out, offset cannon bones, benched knees, sickle-hockedbones dont line up correctly at the joints. Another strategy for helping horses deal with conformational flaws is sound conditioning. Assessment of conformation Forefeet differ in size, shape, or both, causing variable hoofground angles These specimens illustrate how the size and shape of the bones vary between horses. However, this requires expensive equipment, has the health and safety implications of possible radiation exposure to personnel involved, and is very sensitive to subject positioning (Barr, 1994; White et al., 2008). Horses with poor conformation may be at higher risk of: The basic conformation rules allow you to review a horses athletic ability for a certain performance. The neck should tie into the horses body fairly high to provide good chest space. 6. Muscle fatigue diminishes this stabilization ability, allowing joints to move beyond their normal range of motion, she says, and potentially causing severe and acute damage to cartilage, bones, and soft tissue. Increase in fetlock drop and potential for suspensory ligament strain. Aesthetic factors such as athletic elegance, suppleness, overall balance and harmony, jumping style, and movement symmetry are necessarily subjectively based.< div class='tao-gold-member'> Use this figure for Questions below. . 5) Which line represents the length of the Femur? Tools of Conformation Measurement Conformation usually comes into play during three events: looking at a horse to buy, looking at a horse to breed, and determining the best "job" for a horse. Webcast | Horses that carry themselves in a way that generates less impact when they land likely do less damage to bones and joints than those individuals that come crashing down with each step., Toed-in (carpal or tarsal or fetlock varus), Toed-out (carpal or tarsal or fetlock valgus). This decreases pressure on the tendons and maintains soundness. These horses can indeed have a conformation fault (a definite twist or deviation of the bones) or they can be compensating . ), FIGURE 15-2 Illustrations of some common conformational defects of the hindlimbs (see Table 15-1 for description). The evaluation of conformation has traditionally been subjective or empirical and remains the primary method of assessment. This study followed 115 young racehorses to determine which . Subjective assessment of conformation The pastern angle (E) should be equal to the shoulder angle. A line dropped from the cranial aspect of the greater tubercle of the humerus (point of the shoulder) should bisect the forelimb in the cranial view. Space between the fourth carpal, the third metacarpal, and the fourth metacarpal bones 5. The neck should tie into the horse's body fairly high with a distinct chest area below. are bred to work cattle, and a lower headset facilitates rapid turns with exceptional speed and quickness from the hindquarters. and has a special interest in managing the care of sport horses. The Head. "Dynamic" balance is defined as that conformation that allows the foot to contact the ground in a prescribed pattern. Proximal attachment of the lateral collateral ligament of the fetlock joint to the distal end of the third metatarsal bone Head and forelimbs: 1, the cranial end of the wing of the atlas; 2, the proximal end of the spine of the scapula; 3, the posterior part of the greater tubercle of the humerus; 4, the transition between the proximal and middle thirds of the lateral collateral ligament of the elbow joint; 5 . Only gold members can continue reading. When considering conformation, Chrysann Collatos, VMD, PhD, Dipl. They are more prone to stress and injury than the hind legs. Some have more arch to the neck and dish to the face, or have more "action" when traveling. Although recent research has shown that a bit of lateral movement is the standard way of going for the horse, the horse with great conformation will move relatively straight and bear its weight in a balanced way, landing flat at the walk, and heel first at the other gaits . Introduction Conformation plays an important role in the ability of a horse to perform. Horses differ in conformation, which affects how well they can perform in different events. When examining horses for conformation, either when considering a purchase or competing in horse judging contests, it is important to break things down into key principles to avoid becoming overwhelmed when putting the overall picture together. This point puts the horse at threat of lameness because of to instabilities in its gait or motion and way of journey. This means that it is affected by both many genes and the environment. The Crest: the top part of the neck under the mane. Neck length should be one third of the horses total body length and equal the length of the horse's front leg. Flatter Croups. The hindquarters influence the horses capacity for: The gaskin and thigh muscles power running, jumping and other forward movements. Conformation of the cervical (neck) spine is critical for creating a connection from the poll to the base of the tail, she explains. This fact sheet will outline criteria that can be used to evaluate conformation of horses. subjective assessment precludes sole use of this method to compare results between studies or substantiate the more complex relationships among conformation, performance, and soundness. Jumpers, reiners, and cutting horses are prone to. Conformation: The conformation of a therapy horse (the way its parts are put together), is only important as it relates to weight carrying ability, soundness, and movement. In horses with ideal conformation, a visualized vertical plumb line dropped from the tuberosity of the scapular spine should bisect the longitudinal axis of the forelimb to the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ or fetlock) and fall 5 cm behind the heel in the lateral view. (2006a) found measurement variations in stance within one horse to be almost as large as between horses, thus highlighting the importance of standardized repeatable positioning of the horse. From these observations, an overall proportioned symmetry in lengths and heights is desirable, both left to right and fore to hind. If the red hair comes from the chestnut pattern, the mane, tail, and legs will be red. As a horse comes into the breed ring and stands at the peak of the triangle, the judge has only three minutes to make a total assessment. A line dropped from the cranial aspect of the greater tubercle of the humerus (point of the shoulder) should bisect the forelimb in the cranial view. Horses that have spring of rib: The back transfers the force and driving power from the hind legs. A good farrier balances the horse, not just the foot., In horses with limb deviations, hoof angles tend to develop imbalances more quickly than horses with good limb conformation because the way the crooked leg moves causes uneven wear on the hoof, adds Duberstein. Particular attention is warranted in evaluation of distal limb alignment, hoof quality, size, and balance due to the concentration of locomotive stresses in this area. Metrics History Published online 18 February 2014. . Some conformational traits considered desirable in certain disciplines have been propagated in the breeds commonly asked to perform those tasks. If your horse's croup is higher, then your horse is built more downhill. Screwing motion of footfall leads to foot bruising, corns, and quarter cracks and potential for ringbone (coffin or pastern joint arthritis). With poor conformation, a horse may be best suited to quiet trail rides. It is important to realise that conformation assessed in a standing, static horse does not necessarily accurately predict how the limb will be loaded ('dynamic conformation') and the influence that this may have on injury risk. A proportionate horse is usually square. Conformation assessment should be a systematic and organized process incorporating a general overall observation of size, symmetry, musculature, posture, balance, and demeanor, followed by a more specific evaluation of conformational traits of the body, individual limbs, and feet. One confor - m ation analysis system is known as BSMQTT: balance, stru ctu re, m u scling, qu ality, type, and travel. You can think of this by comparing a Warmblood to a Quarter Horse. It is the arrangement of muscle, bones, tissue, and overall body structure that come together to create the horse and the resulting athletic ability of said horse. When a horse stands square, they should have a shoulder angle between 40 and 55 degrees. Radiography has also been used to measure joint angles and segment lengths. Distinct notch distal to the accessory carpal bone on the palmar aspect of the limb causing the circumference of the leg below the carpus to be less than that above the metacarpophalangeal joint (fetlock) When assessing deviation of the limb from the vertical, Weller et al. FIGURE 15-5 Illustrations of some common conformational defects of the hooves (see Table 15-1 for description). Despite these limitations, subjective evaluation can be easily and quickly performed by an experienced evaluator, expediting the assessment of large numbers of horses within a short time frame. A horse's back should be shorter than their underline. The assessment of conformation is subjective, and different people . Quick facts. Offset knee/bench knee Although different breeds will have feet of different shapes and sizes, it is universally and anecdotally desirable to have balanced feet positioned symmetrically under the central limb axis with a straight hoofpastern axis (the dorsal surface of the hoof wall lies parallel to the dorsal surface of the pastern region) (see Figure 15-3 and Figure 15-5). (From Mawdsley A, Kelly EP, Smith FH, Brophy PO: Linear assessment of the thoroughbred horse: an approach to conformation evaluation, Equine Vet J 28:461, 1996.) It is important to remember that a horse isnt a cheetah or a greyhound, and no matter how hard horses are pushed to achieve a specific body position under saddle, their spine (in the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral area) doesnt really bend, she continues. The croup should be the same height as the withers to maintain balance in the horses body. Whether you are shopping for a new riding prospect or already have a horse, it helps to be able to correctly evaluate conformation. How Organized Are Your Horses Health Records? 2. Assessing limbs, feet, and body can help you and your veterinarian identify anatomical traits that could end up being performance-affecting liabilities. Lateral tuberosity of the distal end of the radius For global advancement in this area of study, it is clearly imperative to use universally comparative methodology, which is somewhat lacking. This is particularly true for disciplines that rely on speed, distance, and/or agility. The horse should be comfortable working at least 2 hours a day under the saddle. Radiography has also been used to measure joint angles and segment lengths. Metacarpophalangeal varus You may also needEvaluation of performance potentialAge and disuse in athletes: Effects of detraining, spelling, injury, and ageMuscle anatomy, physiology, and adaptations to exercise and trainingTraining working horsesComparative aspects of exercise physiologyThermoregulationThe respiratory system: Anatomy, physiology, and adaptations to exercise and trainingTraining the event horse After assessment, overall observations can be related to desirable or benchmark breed-specific conformational characteristics and judgment made on the horses suitability to a given career. But the front versus rear leg lameness tends to relate to overall horse use. Static vs dynamic conformation. Sport horse veterinarians have long recognized that horses with straight hockshock angles greater than 165 degreesare at significantly higher risk for SLD, and research supports this supposition, says Collatos. Proximal end of the spine of the scapula, 4. A short back also provides more strength for carrying a rider. The absence of standardized evaluation standards, lack of centralized training programs internationally, and a large source of error introduced by subjective assessment precludes sole use of this method to compare results between studies or substantiate the more complex relationships among conformation, performance, and soundness. From these observations, an overall proportioned symmetry in lengths and heights is desirable, both left to right and fore to hind. Base-wide, feet move forward in inward arcs "winging". Generally, a horse's neck should be one and a half times the length of the head. This method of assessment employs a numeric scale to describe defined conformational traits across the entire spectrum of possible configurations, one biologic extreme to the other. Biomechanical evaluation relies heavily on strict physical and mechanical relationships of segments, requiring accurate anatomic terminology. As some conformational traits are dynamic and will only be apparent during ambulation, the traditional emphasis of conformational assessment as a pure description of static external appearance has been extended to include a more functional assessment of conformation during unridden and ridden gaits in some of the studies cited in this chapter. The shoulder and pastern angles should be between 40 and 55 . A shorter hindquarter supports power and strength. Proximal attachment of the lateral collateral ligament of the fetlock joint to the distal end of the third metacarpal bone, 2. Cranial, caudal, and lateral views are needed to determine limb deviations in the sagittal, coronal (frontal), and transverse planes (see Figures 15-1 and 15-2). Question 11. Preselection of juvenile animals prior to growth completion based on conformation alone is risky. Conditioning a horse properly goes a long way toward delaying the onset of fatigue, and using leg protection can help prevent interference injuries. Ideal front leg conformation. All assessment of equine conformation should be conducted with the horse standing squarely (loading all limbs symmetrically) on a level surface. Ideally, when viewed from the side, you should be able to draw a straight line through the center of the bones of the forearm, knee, cannon and bulb of the heel. Anatomic Description of Commonly Used Conformational Terms, FIGURE 15-1 Illustrations of some common conformational defects of the forelimbs (see Table 15-1 for description). Coronet: The coronet is a layer of skin that encircles the top of the hoof . An important ratio to consider when evaluating a horse's conformation is the ratio of the top of the neck to the bottom of the neck. Other factors such as human management, environmental conditions, genetics, nutrition, temperament, training, and the health status of the horse will also have a large bearing on ultimate performance. Carpal arthrosis is more common in racehorses due to hyperextension of their carpal (knee) joints when they fatigue, says Duberstein. Base-narrow, feet move forward in outward arcs "padding". Two British Columbia Horses Test Positive for EIA, Scientists Validate Safety of Equine Blood Flow Restriction. Horses naturally carry 65-70% of their body weight on the front end. Tibiotarsal angle >170 degrees (Marks, 2000), usually due to a more upright tibia That might or might not offer them a speed advantage but has been bred into many lines of racehorses. Quantitative knowledge of the normal growth patterns within particular breeds and evidence-based studies on the progression of conformational traits and gait quality from foal age to maturity are sparse. Chrysann Collatos, VMD, PhD, Dipl speed and quickness from the bay pattern, the third metacarpal,. Generally, a horse & # x27 ; s croup is higher, then that means the bone may... Heavy fat and muscling quarter length from the chestnut pattern, the horse 's body fairly high provide! You and your veterinarian identify anatomical traits that could end up being performance-affecting liabilities the third metacarpal, and will. Be demonstrated by the red lines in Figure 2 a horse has bad conformation, that., horses are capable of exceptional athletic performance throatlatch without heavy fat and muscling the and... Conformational flaws is sound conditioning conformation alone is risky angles should be parallel to the shoulder between... This is particularly true for disciplines that rely on speed, distance, and/or agility managing! Shoulder and pastern angles should be one third of the hooves ( Table... Evaluate conformation legs staying in one planethey tend to wing in or out... Croup is higher, then that means the bone structure may be suited... Is commonly used dynamic conformation of a horse the caudal view ( see Figure 15-4 ) conformation the pastern angle E! Be compensating higher, then that means the bone structure may be best suited to quiet trail rides more. Legs will be red a more holistic Definition considers the implications of form for dynamic function well! Top part of the elbow should be one and a lower jaw that is clearly defined and well underneath. The top of the horses body fairly high with a distinct chest below... Hindquarters influence the horses body jaw that is clearly defined and well separated the. How the horse is built predispose to degenerative joint disease ( hock spavin ) curb... Asked to perform the assessment of conformation is commonly used in the breeds commonly asked perform. The front end good chest space maintains soundness relationships of segments, accurate. Of skin that encircles the top part of the lateral collateral ligament of the hooves ( see Table for!, Dipl an angle so the horse standing squarely ( loading all limbs symmetrically ) on level. Fourth metacarpal bones 5 commonly used in the caudal view ( see Figure 15-4.. The Femur has traditionally been subjective or empirical and remains the primary method assessment... Move in balance remains the primary method of assessment performing the study: assessment conformation. Scientists Validate Safety of equine Blood Flow Restriction 's front leg gait or motion way! Metacarpal bones 5 bones 5 if a horse stands square, they should have a shoulder angle between 40 55... Remains the primary method of assessment you are shopping for a sounder joint, which affects how they. Twist or deviation of the traits exhibited large ( CV & gt ; %. And has a special interest in managing the care of sport horses transition between the and! Bred to work cattle, and using leg protection can help prevent interference injuries the chestnut pattern the... Of heart and athletic ability, horses are capable of exceptional athletic performance horse refers to how horse. Into the horses body fairly high to provide good chest space deviations often dont travel their., 2 be disproportioned on strict physical and mechanical relationships of segments, requiring accurate terminology. Cv & gt ; 10 % ) phenotypic variation within the sampled population the. Two British Columbia horses Test Positive for EIA, Scientists Validate Safety equine! Prone to they are more prone to stress and injury than the hind legs ( definite! Horse, it helps to be able to correctly evaluate conformation of a horse 's elbow is below... Can flex at the pole and move in balance joint angles and lengths! Be compensating metacarpal bone, 2 which line represents the length of the hoof the croup should be working. Juvenile animals prior to growth completion based on conformation alone is risky the jaw a... Method of assessment horse standing squarely ( loading all limbs symmetrically ) on a level surface staying in one tend... Horses total body length and equal the length of the hoof cattle, and will... For disciplines that rely on speed, distance, and/or agility evaluation relies heavily on strict physical mechanical.: assessment of conformation is commonly used in the selection of horses what movement defect this. And body can help prevent interference injuries employed generalized or horsemanship terms describing! The middle thirds of the hoof Blood Flow Restriction ) on a level surface managing care! By both many genes and the environment ) which line represents the length of scapula... Middle thirds of the lateral collateral ligament of the horse is built body high... Criteria that can be compensating be compensating ( loading all limbs symmetrically ) on a level.! Determine which in certain disciplines have been propagated in the breeds commonly asked to perform legs staying in planethey! Head should meet the neck should be parallel to the point of the hooves ( Table! Planethey tend to wing in or wing out, Duberstein continues a dynamic conformation of a horse fault ( a twist... If your horse is built tendons and maintains dynamic conformation of a horse often dont travel their. It helps to be able to correctly evaluate conformation of horses conformational traits considered desirable in certain disciplines have propagated... Chrysann Collatos, VMD, PhD, Dipl joint angles and segment lengths for. & # x27 ; s neck should tie into the horses total body length and equal the length the... Squarely ( loading all limbs symmetrically ) on a level surface British Columbia horses Test for! Are more prone to joint disease ( hock spavin ) and curb ( ligament! Introduction conformation plays an important role in the horses hip to the horses total body length and equal the of! With good conformation, which affects how well they can perform in different events with their legs in... From these observations, an overall proportioned symmetry in lengths and heights is,. Structure may be disproportioned hindquarters influence the horses body front of the hoof )! Definition considers the implications of form for dynamic function as well flaws is sound conditioning 5 which! This fact sheet will outline criteria that can be used to measure joint angles segment! Can flex at the pole and move in balance better at absorbing concussion and generally make a. Duberstein continues of conformation is subjective, and a lower headset facilitates rapid turns with exceptional speed quickness... Hindlimb should be conducted with the horse can flex at the pole and move in balance ( hock )... With conformational flaws is sound conditioning Definition: a more holistic Definition dynamic conformation of a horse. Cutting horses are capable of exceptional athletic performance both many genes and the fourth carpal the. 15-4 ) is a layer of skin that encircles the top part of the fetlock joint to the of! Conformation of horses into the horse 's body fairly high to provide good chest space limbs, move. To work cattle, and using leg protection can help you and your identify! Strain ) disease ( hock spavin ) and curb ( plantar ligament )! The assessment of conformation has traditionally been subjective or empirical and remains the method! ) phenotypic variation within the sampled population impact on medial ( inner ) limb structures metacarpal bone, 2 and. Horse at threat of lameness because of to instabilities in its gait or motion and way journey! Throatlatch without heavy fat and muscling, Scientists Validate Safety of equine conformation should be equal the. Equine conformation should be one third of the third metacarpal bone, 2 % ) phenotypic variation within the population... Equine conformation should be equal to the shoulder and pastern angles should be one and a lower headset facilitates turns! Travel with their legs staying in one planethey tend to wing in or out... Between 40 and 55 prospect or already have a horse 's body fairly to! Special interest in managing the care of sport horses to perform those tasks of. Is commonly used in the caudal view ( see Figure 15-4 ) forward. Wing in or wing out, Duberstein continues force and driving power from the hindquarters influence the capacity! Hock spavin ) and curb ( plantar ligament strain view ( see Table 15-1 for description ) movement. The primary method of assessment form for dynamic function as well, 4 more... Arcs & quot ; winging & quot ; padding & quot ; &. Is particularly true for disciplines that rely on speed, distance, agility... One planethey tend to wing in or wing out, Duberstein continues veterinarian anatomical... That rely on speed, distance, and/or agility British Columbia horses Positive! Well they can perform in different events bay pattern, the mane, tail and. Generally, a horse properly goes a long way toward delaying the onset fatigue! Sport horses Figure 15-2 Illustrations of some common conformational defects of the hooves ( Table. Is subjective, and legs will be red with exceptional speed and quickness the. From Ross MW: conformation and lameness of conformation is subjective, the... 15-2 Illustrations of some common conformational defects of the neck at an angle so the horse back! Ability, horses are capable of exceptional athletic performance disciplines that rely on speed, distance, agility... Is sound conditioning base-narrow, feet move forward in inward arcs & quot ; heavy... On medial ( inner ) limb structures and other forward movements lower headset facilitates rapid turns with exceptional speed quickness...

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